Ethical Considerations in Infodemic Management: Systematic Scoping Review

Federico Germani   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Giovanni Spitale   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Sandra Varaidzo Machiri   ² , MPH ;   Calvin Wai Loon Ho   ³ , PhD ;   Isabella Ballalai   ⁴ , MD ;   Nikola Biller-Andorno   ¹ , MD, MHBA, PhD ;   Andreas Alois Reis   ⁵ , MD, MSc

¹ Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

² Unit for High Impact Events Preparedness, Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland

³ Monash Law School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

⁴ Brazilian Immunization Society, Sao Paolo, Brazil

⁵ Health Ethics and Governance Unit, Department of Research for Health, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland

*these authors contributed equally