Collective Intelligence–Based Participatory COVID-19 Surveillance in Accra, Ghana: Pilot Mixed Methods Study

Gifty Marley   ^{1 *} , BSc, MSc, PhD ;   Phyllis Dako-Gyeke   ^{2 *} , PhD ;   Prajwol Nepal   ¹ , PhD ;   Rohini Rajgopal   ¹ , MScPH, MBA ;   Evelyn Koko   ² , MBA ;   Elizabeth Chen   ³ , PhD ;   Kwabena Nuamah   ⁴ , PhD ;   Kingsley Osei   ⁴ , MSc ;   Hubertus Hofkirchner   ⁵ , PhD ;   Michael Marks   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Joseph D Tucker   ^{6, 8} , PhD ;   Rosalind Eggo   ⁶ , PhD ;   William Ampofo   ⁹ , PhD ;   Sean Sylvia   ¹ , PhD

¹ Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

² Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

³ Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

⁴ Cognate Systems Company Limited, Accra, Ghana

⁵ Prediki Prediction Markets GmbH, Vienna, Austria

⁶ Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

⁷ Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁸ Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

⁹ Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

*these authors contributed equally